Blog Elements – Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics

Half Sized Blog Element (Single Author Style)

Half Sized Blog Element (Multi Author Style)

Lumbar Bone Stress Injuries in Cricket Fast Bowlers: A Review

June 10, 2025/in For New site, Vol 10 | Issue 1 | January-June 2025 /by editor.jcorth

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics | Vol 10 | Issue 1 | January-June 2025 | page: 53-56 | Parth Bansal, Sarvdeep Singh Dhatt, Vishal Kumar, Sachin Kale, Ojasv Gehlot, Akhil Gailot DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jcorth.2025.v10i01.718 Open Access License: CC BY-NC 4.0 Copyright Statement: Copyright © 2025; The Author(s). Submitted Date: 25 March 2025, Review Date: 26 april 2025, […]

The Shoulder Surgery Update: Innovations and Insights

June 10, 2025/in For New site, Vol 10 | Issue 1 | January-June 2025 /by editor.jcorth

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics | Vol 10 | Issue 1 | January-June 2025 | page: 48-52 | Clevio Desouza, Nicholas Antao DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jcorth.2025.v10i01.716 Open Access License: CC BY-NC 4.0 Copyright Statement: Copyright © 2025; The Author(s). Submitted Date: 25 March 2025, Review Date: 26 april 2025, Accepted Date: 16 May 2025 & Published Date: 30 […]

Lumbar Bone Stress Injuries in Cricket Fast Bowlers: A Review

June 10, 2025/in For New site, Vol 10 | Issue 1 | January-June 2025 /by editor.jcorth

The Shoulder Surgery Update: Innovations and Insights

June 10, 2025/in For New site, Vol 10 | Issue 1 | January-June 2025 /by editor.jcorth

Full Sized Blog Element (Big Preview Pic)

Lumbar Bone Stress Injuries in Cricket Fast Bowlers: A Review

June 10, 2025/in For New site, Vol 10 | Issue 1 | January-June 2025 /by editor.jcorth

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jcorth.2025.v10i01.718

Open Access License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Submitted Date: 25 March 2025, Review Date: 26 april 2025, Accepted Date: 16 May 2025 & Published Date: 30 Jun 2025

Author: Parth Bansal [1], Sarvdeep Singh Dhatt [1], Vishal Kumar [1], Sachin Kale [2], Ojasv Gehlot [2], Akhil Gailot [2]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India, 2Department of Orthopaedics, D Y Patil Medical School and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Address of Correspondence

Dr. Parth Bansal,
Spine Fellow, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
E-mail: parthbansal93@gmail.com

Abstract

Lumbar Bone Stress Injuries (LBSI) encompass a spectrum ranging from bone stress reactions to lumbar stress fractures (LSF). These injuries are among the most prevalent in cricket players, particularly fast bowlers. This review highlights the epidemiology of LBSIs and explores both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with their development. Early diagnosis, along with appropriate workload management, plays a crucial role in the effective management of these injuries. Furthermore, structured prevention programs implemented by cricket organizations can significantly reduce the incidence and long-term impact of LBSIs in the sport.
Keywords: Cricket, Lumbar, LBSI, Fast bowlers, Stress reaction

References

1. Saw A, Eales B, Jones N, Obst A, Smith M, Kountouris A, et al. Lumbar bone stress injuries and nonunited defects in elite Australian cricket players. Clin J Sport Med 2024;34:44-51.
2. Keylock L, Alway P, Felton P, McCaig S, Brooke-Wavell K, King M, et al. Lumbar bone stress injuries and risk factors in adolescent cricket fast bowlers. J Sports Sci 2022;40:1336-42.
3. Pardiwala DN, Rao NN, Varshney AV. Injuries in cricket. Sports Health 2018;10:217-22.
4. Singh SP, Rotstein AH, Saw AE, Saw R, Kountouris A, James T. Radiological healing of lumbar spine stress fractures in elite cricket fast bowlers. J Sci Med Sport 2021;24:112-5.
5. Beutler WJ, Fredrickson BE, Murtland A, Sweeney CA, Grant WD, Baker D. The natural history of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: 45-year follow-up evaluation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2003;28:1027-35.
6. Alway P, Felton P, Brooke-Wavell K, Peirce N, King M. Cricket fast bowling technique and lumbar bone stress injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021;53:581-9.
7. Orchard JW, Ranson C, Olivier B, Dhillon M, Gray J, Langley B, et al. International consensus statement on injury surveillance in cricket: A 2016 update. Br J Sports Med 2016;50:1245-51.
8. Orchard JW, Kountouris A, Sims K. Incidence and prevalence of elite male cricket injuries using updated consensus definitions. Open Access J Sports Med 2016;7:187-94.
9. Alway P, Brooke-Wavell K, Langley B, King M, Peirce N. Incidence and prevalence of lumbar stress fracture in English county cricket fast bowlers, association with bowling workload and seasonal variation. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019;5:e000529.
10. Dovbysh T, Reid D, Shackel D. Injury incidence within male elite New Zealand cricket from the early T20 era: 2009-2015. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021;7:e001168.
11. Farhart P, Beakley D, Diwan A, Duffield R, Rodriguez EP, Chamoli U, et al. Intrinsic variables associated with low back pain and lumbar spine injury in fast bowlers in cricket: A systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023;15:114.
12. Johnson M, Ferreira M, Hush J. Lumbar vertebral stress injuries in fast bowlers: A review of prevalence and risk factors. Phys Ther Sport 2012;13:45-52.
13. Sims K, Saw R, Saw AE, Kountouris A, Orchard JW. Multiple risk factors associated with lumbar bone stress injury in youth cricket fast bowlers. J Sport Exerc Sci 2021;5:92-100.
14. Panagodage Perera NK, Kountouris A, Kemp JL, Joseph C, Finch CF. The incidence, prevalence, nature, severity and mechanisms of injury in elite female cricketers: A prospective cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2019;22:1014-20.
15. Felton PJ, Lister SL, Worthington PJ, King MA. Comparison of biomechanical characteristics between male and female elite fast bowlers. J Sports Sci 2019;37:665-70.
16. Bartolomei S, Grillone G, Di Michele R, Cortesi M. A comparison between male and female athletes in relative strength and power performances. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021;6:17.
17. Orchard JW, Inge P, Sims K, Kountouris A, Saw AE, Saw R, et al. Comparison of injury profiles between elite Australian male and female cricket players. J Sci Med Sport 2023;26:19-24.
18. Alway P, Peirce N, Johnson W, King M, Kerslake R, Brooke-Wavell K. Activity specific areal bone mineral density is reduced in athletes with stress fracture and requires profound recovery time: A study of lumbar stress fracture in elite cricket fast bowlers. J Sci Med Sport 2022;25:828-33.
19. Saw R, Saw A, Kountouris A, Orchard J. Upper lumbar bone stress injuries in elite cricketers. Clin J Sport Med 2022;32:e121-5.
20. Ranson CA, Kerslake RW, Burnett AF, Batt ME, Abdi S. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic professional fast bowlers in cricket. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005;87:1111-6.
21. Morton S, Barton CJ, Rice S, Morrissey D. Risk factors and successful interventions for cricket-related low back pain: A systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2014;48:685-91.
22. Engstrom CM, Walker DG, Kippers V, Mehnert AJ. Quadratus lumborum asymmetry and L4 pars injury in fast bowlers: A prospective MR study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39:910-7.
23. Kountouris A, Portus M, Cook J. Quadratus lumborum asymmetry and lumbar spine injury in cricket fast bowlers. J Sci Med Sport 2012;15:393-7.
24. Kountouris A, Portus M, Cook J. Cricket fast bowlers without low back pain have larger quadratus lumborum asymmetry than injured bowlers. Clin J Sport Med 2013;23:300-4.
25. Foster D, John D, Elliott B, Ackland T, Fitch K. Back injuries to fast bowlers in cricket: A prospective study. Br J Sports Med 1989;23:150-4.
26. Elliott BC, Hardcastle PH, Burnett AE, Foster DH. The influence of fast bowling and physical factors on radiologic features in high performance young fast bowlers. Sport Med Train Rehabil 1992;3:113-30.
27. Orchard J, James T, Alcott E, Carter S, Farhart P. Injuries in Australian cricket at first class level 1995/1996 to 2000/2001. Br J Sports Med 2002;36:270-4.
28. Orchard JW, James T, Portus M, Kountouris A, Dennis R. Fast bowlers in cricket demonstrate up to 3- to 4-week delay between high workloads and increased risk of injury. Am J Sports Med 2009;37:1186-92.
29. Gregory PL, Batt ME, Kerslake RW. Comparing spondylolysis in cricketers and soccer players. Br J Sports Med 2004;38:737-42.
30. Cheung KK, Dhawan RT, Wilson LF, Peirce NS, Rajeswaran G. Pars interarticularis injury in elite athletes-The role of imaging in diagnosis and management. Eur J Radiol 2018;108:28-42.
31. Buck JE. Direct repair of the defect in spondylolisthesis. Bone Joint J 1970;52-B:432-7.
32. Wilson L, Altaf F, Tyler P. Percutaneous pars interarticularis screw fixation: A technical note. Eur Spine J 2016;25:1651-4.
33. Rajasekaran S, Subbiah M, Shetty AP. Direct repair of lumbar spondylolysis by Buck’s technique. Indian J Orthop 2011;45:136-40.

How to Cite this article: Bansal P, Dhatt SS, Kumar V, Kale S, Gehlot O, Gailot A. Lumbar Bone Stress Injuries in Cricket Fast Bowlers: A Review. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics. January-June 2025;10(1):53-56.

(Article Text HTML) (Download PDF)

The Shoulder Surgery Update: Innovations and Insights

June 10, 2025/in For New site, Vol 10 | Issue 1 | January-June 2025 /by editor.jcorth

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jcorth.2025.v10i01.716

Open Access License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Submitted Date: 25 March 2025, Review Date: 26 april 2025, Accepted Date: 16 May 2025 & Published Date: 30 Jun 2025

Author: Clevio Desouza [1,2], Nicholas Antao [1]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Holy Spirit Hospital, Mumbai, India,
[2] Centre for Bone and Joint, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, India

Address of Correspondence

Dr. Clevio Desouza,
Centre for Bone and Joint, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, India.
E-mail: ceviod@gmail.com

Abstract

This comprehensive update on shoulder surgery highlights recent advancements in managing shoulder instability, rotator cuff tears, shoulder arthroplasty, and adhesive capsulitis. It highlights the evolution of surgical techniques, non-operative interventions, and biologic augmentation approaches. Innovations in rotator cuff repair include biologic solutions, such as platelet-rich plasma, while advancements in arthroplasty focus on tailored rehabilitation and infection control strategies. Adhesive capsulitis management now incorporates novel injection techniques and surgical options for refractory cases. This summary underscores the ongoing development of individualized treatment protocols, which are essential for optimizing patient outcomes and addressing the diverse challenges in shoulder surgery.
Keywords: Shoulder instability, Rotator cuff, Biologic augmentation, Shoulder arthroplasty, Adhesive capsulitis.

References

1. Masud S, Momtaz D, Betsch M, Migliorini F, Ghali A, Popa A, et al. A comprehensive comparison and evaluation of surgical techniques for anterior shoulder instability: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023;32:e531-47.
2. Hurley ET, Danilkowicz RM, Paul AV, Myers H, Anakwenze OA, Klifto CS, et al. Majority of studies show similar rates of return to play after arthroscopic bankart repair or latarjet procedure: A systematic review. Arthroscopy 2024;40:515-22.
3. DeClercq MG, Martin MD, Whalen RJ, Cote MP, Midtgaard KS, Peebles LA, et al. Postoperative radiographic outcomes following primary open coracoid transfer (Bristow-Latarjet) vary in definition, classification, and imaging modality: A systematic review. Arthroscopy 2024;40:1311-24.e1.
4. Cozzolino A, De Giovanni R, Malfi P, Bernasconi A, Scarpa S, Smeraglia F, et al. Arthroscopic latarjet versus arthroscopic free bone block procedures for anterior shoulder instability: A proportional meta-analysis comparing recurrence, complication, and reoperation rates. Am J Sports Med 2024;52:1865-76.
5. Hali NZ, Tahir M, Jordan RW, Laprus H, Woodmass J, D’Alessandro P, et al. Suture button fixation in latarjet has similar load to failure and clinical outcomes but lower bone resorption compared with screw fixation: A systematic review. Arthroscopy 2024;40:1637-54.
6. Jegatheesan V, Patel D, Lu V, Domos P. Outcomes of primary latarjet vs. Revision latarjet after prior surgery for anterior shoulder instability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023;32:2599-612.
7. Xue X, Xiao C, Song Q, Kuati A, Zhou X, Cui G. Arthroscopic surgery combined with platelet-rich plasma does not significantly improve pain, function, complications, and retear rate compared with arthroscopic surgery alone for full-thickness rotator cuff tears: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthroscopy 2024;41:289-301.
8. Peng Y, Li F, Ding Y, Sun X, Wang G, Jia S, et al. Comparison of the effects of platelet-rich plasma and corticosteroid injection in rotator cuff disease treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023;32:1303-13.
9. Desouza C, Shetty V. Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in partial-thickness rotator cuff tears: A systematic review. J ISAKOS 2024;9:699-708.
10. Sewpaul Y, Huynh RC, Hartland AW, Leung B, Teoh KH, Rashid MS. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors do not affect healing after rotator cuff repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthroscopy 2024;40:930-40.e1.
11. Lei M, Zhu Z, Hu X, Wu D, Huang W, Zhang Y, et al. Postoperative antiosteoporotic treatment with zoledronic acid improves rotator cuff healing but does not improve outcomes in female patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis: A prospective, single-blinded, randomized study. Arthroscopy 2024;40:714-22.
12. Chen H, Wu S, Qiang H, Liu S. Effectiveness of abduction brace versus simple sling rehabilitation following rotator cuff repair: Systematic review and meta-analyses. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023;32:1524-33.
13. Shibata T, Izaki T, Miyake S, Shibata Y, Yamamoto T. Efficacy of bone marrow stimulation for arthroscopic knotless suture bridge rotator cuff repair: A prospective randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023;32:909-16.
14. Thamrongskulsiri N, Limskul D, Itthipanichpong T, Tanpowpong T, Kuptniratsaikul S. Similar healing rates of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with and without bone marrow stimulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Sports Med 2024;52:1855-64.
15. Jeong JY, Kim SC, Lee SM, Yoo JC. Prospective randomized clinical trial of arthroscopic repair versus debridement for partial subscapularis tendon tears more than half of the entire first facet. Am J Sports Med 2023;51:2804-14.
16. Orozco E, Dhillon J, Keeter C, Brown TD, Kraeutler MJ. Rotator cuff repair with patch augmentation is associated with lower retear rates for large tears: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Arthroscopy 2024;40:1300-8.
17. Ruiz Iban MA, Garcıa Navlet M, Moros Marco S, Diaz Heredia J, Hernando Sanchez A, Ruiz Dıaz R, et al. Augmentation of a transosseous-equivalent repair in posterosuperior nonacute rotator cuff tears with a bioinductive collagen implant decreases the retear rate at 1 year: A randomized controlled trial. Arthroscopy 2024;40:1760-73.
18. Maguire JA, Dhillon J, Scillia AJ, Kraeutler MJ. Rotator cuff repair with or without acromioplasty: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with outcomes based on acromial type. Am J Sports Med 2024;52:3404-11.
19. De Marinis R, Marigi EM, Atwan Y, Velasquez Garcia A, Morrey ME, SanchezSotelo J. Lower trapezius transfer improves clinical outcomes with a rate of complications and reoperations comparable to other surgical alternatives in patients with functionally irreparable rotator cuff tears: A systematic review. Arthroscopy 2024;40:950-9.
20. Velasquez Garcia A, Nieboer MJ, De Marinis R, Morrey ME, Valenti P, Sanchez-Sotelo J. Mid- to long-term outcomes of latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for massive irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2024;33:959-74.
21. Ribeiro FR, Nogueira MP, Costa BM, Tenor AC Jr., Costa MP. Mini-open fascia lata interposition graft results in superior 2-year clinical outcomes when compared to arthroscopic partial repair for irreparable rotator cuff tear: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Arthroscopy 2024;40:251-61.
22. Berk AN, Cregar WM, Gachigi KK, Trofa DP, Schiffern SC, Hamid N, et al. Outcomes of subacromial balloon spacer implantation for irreparable rotator cuff tears: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023;32:2180-91.
23. Khalil LS, Abbas MJ, Rahman TM, Chan D, Cross AG, McGee AC, et al. The effect of subscapularis-specific rehabilitation following total shoulder arthroplasty: A prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023;32:1857-66.
24. Schick S, Elphingstone J, Paul K, He JK, Arguello A, Catoe B, et al. Home-based physical therapy results in similar outcomes to formal outpatient physical therapy after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023;32:1555-61.
25. Bethell MA, Hurley ET, Welch J, Cabell G, Levin J, Lassiter TE, et al. Subscapularis repair for reverse shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023;32:2631-40.
26. Southam BR, Bedeir YH, Johnson BM, Hasselfeld KA, Kloby MA, Grawe BM. Clinical and radiological outcomes in lateralized versus nonlateralized and distalized glenospheres in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A randomized control trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023;32:1420-31.
27. Dasari SP, Menendez ME, Espinoza Orias A, Khan ZA, Vadhera AS, Ebersole JW, et al. 3-dimensionally printed patient-specific glenoid drill guides vs. Standard nonspecific instrumentation: A randomized controlled trial comparing the accuracy of glenoid component placement in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2024;33:223-33.
28. Lu V, Jegatheesan V, Patel D, Domos P. Outcomes of acute vs. Delayed reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023;32:1728-39.
29. Wright JO, Hao KA, King JJ, Farmer KW, Sutton CD, Schoch BS, et al. Does hydrogen peroxide application to the dermis following surgical incision affect Cutibacterium acnes cultures in total shoulder arthroplasty in male patients? A randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2024;33:618-27.
30. Rodrigues-Lopes R, Silva F, Torres J. Periprosthetic shoulder infection management: One-stage should be the way: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2024;33:722-37.
31. Kim SJ, Park JM, Song J, Yoon SY, Shin JI, Lee SC. High- versus low-dose steroid injection for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Physician 2023;26:437-47.
32. Deng Z, Li X, Sun X, Sui Y, Tang K, Shu H, et al. Comparison between multisite injection and single rotator interval injection of corticosteroid in primary frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis): A randomized controlled trial. Pain Physician 2023;26:E661-9.
33. Lin CL, Chuang TY, Lin PH, Wang KA, Chuang E, Wang JC. The comparative effectiveness of combined hydrodilatation/corticosteroid procedure with two different quantities for adhesive capsulitis. Clin Rehabil 2024;38:600-11.
34. Wu SY, Hsu PC, Tsai YY, Huang JR, Wang KA, Wang JC. Efficacy of combined ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation with hyaluronic acid and physical therapy in patients with adhesive capsulitis: A randomised controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2024;38:202-15.
35. Lin HW, Tam KW, Liou TH, Rau CL, Huang SW, Hsu TH. Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma injection on range of motion, pain, and disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023;104:2109-22.
36. Wahezi SE, Naeimi T, Yerra S, Gruson K, Hossack M, Alvarez ET, et al. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided coracohumeral ligament release for refractory adhesive capsulitis: A prospective, randomized, controlled, crossover trial demonstrating one-year efficacy. Pain Physician 2023;26:E509-16.

How to Cite this article: Desouza C, Antao N. The Shoulder Surgery Update: Innovations and Insights. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics January-June 2025;10(1):48-52.

(Article Text HTML) (Download PDF)

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics Details

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics

Publisher: Bombay Orthopaedic Society,

Office No. 1004, 10th Floor, N. C. Kelkar Road, Shivaji Park, Dadar West, Mumbai 400 028, Maharashtra, India. 022 46052832
Email: secretary@bombayorth.com, editor.jcorth@gmail.com

Publishing is overlooked by: Orthopaedic Research Group,

IORG House,
A- 203, Manthan Apts, Shreesh CHS, Hajuri Road,
Thane [west], Maharashtra, India.
Pin code- 400604

Email: indian.ortho@gmail.com
Tel: 91-22-25834545