Dr. Kunal Chaudhari, Mumbai Knee Foot and Ankle Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: kunalschaudhari@gmail.com
Abstract
Introduction: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has significantly advanced foot and ankle surgery by offering reduced soft-tissue trauma, faster recovery, and improved cosmesis. In India, with a rising demand for early return to function and a high prevalence of diabetes, MIS provides a compelling alternative to traditional open techniques.
Methods: This review highlights the role of non-arthroscopic MIS procedures in foot and ankle surgery, focusing on techniques such as MIS bunion correction (simple, effective, reproducible, and inexpensive, Chevron–Akin), distal minimally invasive metatarsal osteotomy (DMMO), cheilectomy, Zadek osteotomy, hindfoot and midfoot fusion, triple fusion, and lesser toe deformity correction. Emphasis is placed on Indian-specific considerations, including soft-tissue quality, patient compliance, and resource availability.
Discussion: MIS techniques have demonstrated clinical outcomes comparable to open procedures while minimizing wound complications and promoting faster rehabilitation. Procedures such as MIS DMMO and Zadek osteotomy are particularly useful in high-volume Indian outpatient settings. MIS-assisted midfoot Charcot fusion and hindfoot arthrodesis offer safe alternatives in diabetic or neuropathic patients where soft tissue is critical. With growing access to instrumentation and training, MIS is gaining traction in urban and rural Indian centers.
Conclusion: MIS in foot and ankle surgery holds significant promise for the Indian population. With further integration into training programs and broader access to equipment, MIS can enhance outcomes and meet the evolving needs of both patients and surgeons.
Keywords: Minimally invasive surgery, foot and ankle, India, distal minimally invasive metatarsal osteotomy, minimally invasive surgery fusion, Zadek osteotomy, Charcot foot, Hallux valgus correction, triple fusion, double fusion, hindfoot arthrodesis, cheilectomy.
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